METHODOLOGY
Inspired by peer-reviewed science.
Eight bodies of peer-reviewed sports psychology research have shaped how FLOW XP measures mental performance. The bibliography below is provided for transparency and verification — FLOW XP's own platform is an independent implementation informed by this body of work.
Important — intellectual property
FLOW XP develops its own psychometric implementation, inspired by the peer-reviewed body of sports psychology research referenced on this page. The reference frameworks listed remain the intellectual property of their respective academic authors and journals. FLOW XP does not redistribute, reproduce verbatim, or commercially license any of these third-party instruments. Our own scoring algorithms, dimension architecture, AI report generation, and platform interface are FLOW XP's original intellectual property (Flow XP BV, BE 0669.982.661). Trademarks and copyrights of each reference work belong to their respective owners.
Reference bibliography
TOPS-2
Test of Performance Strategies (revised)
Hardy, L., Roberts, R., Thomas, P. R., & Maynard, I. W. (2010)
Psychology of Sport & Exercise
View reference on Google Scholar →What this reference work studies
Mental strategies athletes use in training and competition: concentration, imagery, activation, relaxation, automaticity, self-talk, goal setting, emotional control.
ACSI-28
Athletic Coping Skills Inventory
Smith, R. E., Schutz, R. W., Smoll, F. L., & Ptacek, J. T. (1995)
Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology
View reference on Google Scholar →What this reference work studies
Psychological coping skills in sport: coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, goal setting, concentration, freedom from worry, confidence, coachability.
SMS-II
Sport Motivation Scale II
Pelletier, L. G., Rocchi, M. A., Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013)
Psychology of Sport & Exercise
View reference on Google Scholar →What this reference work studies
Continuum of self-determined motivation in sport: intrinsic, integrated, identified, introjected, external regulation, amotivation.
CART-Q
Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (3C+1)
Jowett, S., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004)
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
View reference on Google Scholar →What this reference work studies
Quality of the coach-athlete relationship across four dimensions: Closeness, Commitment, Complementarity, and Co-orientation.
LSS
Leadership Scale for Sports
Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S. D. (1980)
Journal of Sport Psychology
View reference on Google Scholar →What this reference work studies
Coach leadership style across five behaviours: training and instruction, democratic, autocratic, social support, positive feedback.
EDMCQ-C
Empowering & Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (Coach)
Appleton, P. R., Ntoumanis, N., Quested, E., Viladrich, C., & Duda, J. L. (2016)
Psychology of Sport & Exercise
View reference on Google Scholar →What this reference work studies
Motivational climate created by the coach: empowering (autonomy support, task-involving, socially supportive) vs disempowering (controlling, ego-involving).
CBS-S
Coach Behavior Scale for Sport
Côté, J., Yardley, J., Hay, J., Sedgwick, W., & Baker, J. (1999)
Avante
View reference on Google Scholar →What this reference work studies
Athletes' perception of their coach's behaviours: physical training & planning, technical skills, mental preparation, goal-setting, competition strategies, personal rapport, negative personal rapport.
PCDEs
Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence
MacNamara, Á., Button, A., & Collins, D. (2010)
The Sport Psychologist
View reference on Google Scholar →What this reference work studies
Psychological characteristics that support the pursuit of excellence in developing athletes: commitment, focus and distraction control, ability to organise and engage in quality practice, evaluation of performance, coping under pressure, social skills, planning, self-belief.
Scope of this page
This page is provided for scientific transparency only. FLOW XP does not claim ownership, license, or distribution rights over any of the reference works listed above. No third-party instrument is reproduced or commercially exploited by FLOW XP. For any rights-related enquiry, contact admin@flowxp.eu.